PHP include and require
PHP Include Files
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PHP include and require Statements
In PHP, you can insert the content of one PHP file into another PHP file before the
server executes it.
The include and require statements are used to insert useful codes written in
other files, in the flow of execution.
Include and require are identical, except upon failure:
require will produce a fatal error (E_COMPILE_ERROR) and stop the script
include will only produce a warning (E_WARNING) and the script
will continue
So, if you want the execution to go on and show users the output, even if the
include file is missing, use include. Otherwise, in case of FrameWork, CMS or a
complex PHP application coding, always use require to include a key file to the
flow of execution. This will help avoid compromising your application's security
and integrity, just in-case one key file is accidentally missing.
Including files saves a lot of work. This means that
you can create a standard header, footer, or menu file for all your web pages.
Then, when the header needs to be updated, you can only
update the header include file.
Syntax
include 'filename';
or
require 'filename';
PHP include and require Statement
Basic Example
Assume that you have a standard header file, called "header.php". To include
the header file in a page, use include/require:
<html>
<body>
<?php include 'header.php'; ?>
<h1>Welcome to my home page!</h1>
<p>Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example 2
Assume we have a standard menu file that should be used on all
pages.
"menu.php":
echo '<a href="/default.php">Home</a>
<a href="/tutorials.php">Tutorials</a>
<a href="/references.php">References</a>
<a href="/examples.php">Examples</a>
<a href="/about.php">About Us</a>
<a href="/contact.php">Contact Us</a>';
All pages in the Web site should include this menu file.
Here is how it can be done:
<html>
<body>
<div class="leftmenu">
<?php include 'menu.php'; ?>
</div>
<h1>Welcome to my home page.</h1>
<p>Some text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example 3
Assume we have an include file with some variables defined ("vars.php"):
<?php
$color='red';
$car='BMW';
?>
Then the variables can be used in the calling file:
<html>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to my home page.</h1>
<?php include 'vars.php';
echo "I have a $color $car"; // I have a red BMW
?>
</body>
</html>
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